Interventions support Both Training Programs

Interventions supporting Psychosocial functioning: An Occupational Therapist's Guide

Introduction

Skills training is a therapy technique healthcare professionals use to help individuals learn new skills involved in social interactions. In the specific population of those who are homeless, evidence shows that social networks play an essential role in mental well-being (Gray, Shaffer, Nelson, Shaffer, 2018). The new skills learned are practiced in steps and repeated to instill new knowledge. Skills such as taking turns, joint attention, eye contact, nonverbal communication, and language are needed for effective interpersonal relationships. Occupational therapists can use skills training to help adults and children with mental illnesses who struggle with behavioral issues during social interactions. With the implementation of therapy and repetition of learning, clients can benefit from skills training sessions.

Theory

The social learning theory suggests that an individual can change their behavior by observing the positive behaviors of others, accessing reinforcement, and having positive outcome expectancies (Brown, 2012). During social skills training, occupational therapy practitioners will incorporate the social learning theory and provide opportunities for the client to problem-solve and engage in social role-play to facilitate learning social skills. The goal would be for the client to engage in appropriate social interactions.

Evidence

A prospective review observed a significant positive change in social network quality over time in homeless adults completing a life skills program (Gray, P. Shaffer, Nelson, & H. Shaffer, 2015). They examined changes in social network quality, size, and composition, such as fewer members of their network who abuse alcohol.

Case Study

Fitzroy Frederick is a 37-year-old homeless man living with schizophrenia in New York City. He was provided housing and an employment opportunity in The Fountain House, a program designed to assist individuals with mental illness. While adhering to Fitzroy’s prescribed medication, he successfully lived with roommates and began work training. Shortly after, however, he reported the use of an herbal remedy, described as a “cure” for schizophrenia, was a better alternative to taking his prescribed medications to manage his symptoms. Consequently, Fitzroy began to engage in aggressive behaviors toward his roommates and experienced increased difficulties with work training tasks. Fitzroy was referred to an occupational therapist at The Fountain House to address his aggressive behaviors and limitations with social participation.

Intervention Plan

Problem Statement

Fitzroy demonstrates a lack of ability to control aggressive behaviors, these deficits are limiting Fitzroy’s participation in social relationships.

Long Term Goals

Fitzroy will engage in 3 non-aggressive exchanges with peers for social participation within 4 weeks.

Fitzroy will utilize one relaxation technique when confronted with a trigger to increase social participation in 4 weeks.

Short Term Goals

Fitzroy will identify 3 coping strategies to utilize when feeling aggressive towards others to increase social participation within 2 weeks.

Fitzroy will identify 2 triggers to aggressive behaviors to increase social participation within 2 weeks.

Fitzroy will attend one-on-one sessions with the occupational therapist at the Fountain House for 40 minutes 4x per week.

Supplies

Paper and pen for documenting

Agenda

Meet Fitzroy & develop rapport (3 min)

Assess Fitzroy’s readiness to participate (2 min)

Educate and model appropriate social skills (10 min)

Engage in role-playing activity (15 min)

Provide constructive feedback (5 min)

Provide a summary of the discussion and activity (5 min)

All students will be tested on their English, Writing, and Math skills. Classes will be held in the morning. 

The Importance of Math in Construction

Mathematics is the backbone of construction, providing the framework for precise measurements, calculations, and problem-solving. Here are some key reasons why math is crucial in the construction industry:

Accurate Measurements: Math enables construction professionals to measure distances, areas, volumes, and angles accurately. Precise measurements are essential for determining the quantity of materials needed, creating blueprints, and ensuring the structural integrity of buildings. 

Precise Calculations: Construction projects involve complex calculations, such as estimating costs, determining load-bearing capacities, and analyzing structural stresses. Math helps perform these calculations accurately, minimizing the risk of errors or miscalculations that could lead to project delays or structural failures.

Problem-Solving: Construction is full of challenges and problem-solving opportunities. Math equips professionals with the analytical and logical reasoning skills to troubleshoot issues, make informed decisions, and find innovative solutions to complex problems.

Algebra in Construction: Solving Equations for Finding Unknowns

Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with symbols, variables, and equations. It is widely used in the construction industry for various applications, including solving equations to find unknown values. Here’s how algebra is applied in construction:

Cost Estimation: Algebraic equations are used to estimate costs in construction projects. By assigning variables to different cost factors, such as labor, materials, and overhead expenses, construction professionals can create equations to determine the total cost of a project.

Quantity Calculation: Algebra calculates quantities of materials required for construction. By solving equations, contractors can determine the number of bricks, cement bags, or pipe lengths needed for a project.

Structural Analysis: Algebraic equations analyze the structural behavior of components such as beams, columns, and trusses. Engineers can determine a structure's strength and stability by solving equations related to forces, loads, and structural properties.

Time and Resource Management: Algebraic equations manage project schedules and resources. Construction managers can optimize project timelines and allocate resources efficiently by solving time, productivity, and resource availability equations.

Algebra provides construction professionals with a powerful tool to solve complex problems and find solutions for unknown quantities. It enables accurate cost estimation, quantity calculation, and structural analysis, leading to efficient and cost-effective construction projects.